Study Questions 2

5. A simple symbol is a symbol that "designates a certain particular" with the use of one symbol. Names are simple symbols because they refer to one object, such as the Statue of Liberty. They simply refer to an individal object. A complex symbol is a symbol made up of constituent simple symbols which all have fixed meanings. A simple symbol's meaning seems less fixed unless one has had experience with the object that is being referenced.

9. The argument for the difference between a name and a description is that when you try to interchange a name with a description (even a description that seems to be identical to the name) in a proposition, it fundamentally changes the proposition. The truth value possibly changes.

10*. "Scott" is a description when it refers to "the author of Waverly." In this case, Scott is a description with it foundation on the term "author" which in no way refers to the actual individual person. "Author" is a general term with a fixed meaning available to all English speakers which is not specific to Sir Walter.
"Scott" as a name only refers to the who person who is called "Scott," which is not some general meaning available to all. 'Is' is used as a predicate in the case of description; 'Is' is used for identity in the case of a name--for example, Sir Walter is Scott.

14. Denying 'the present king of france is bald' comes in 2 flavors: it is not the case that there is an individual who fits into the description "present king of france." OR it is not the case that there is an individual who fits the decription "bald king of france."
Scott names someone, so he cannot be denied his humanity on the basis that Scott does not exist. The only way his humanity can be denied is if he is not a human.